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Johannesburg and Belém summits send defiant message to Trump

Multilateralism survived and African leaders got some progress on debt, minerals and climate change at the G20 and the COP30

Winning a sort of victory in the teeth of United States opposition, South Africa’s President Cyril Ramaphosa rescued Africa’s first G20 on 22-23 November, pushing through a leaders’ declaration reaffirming a commitment to multilateral cooperation and the energy transition. Backed by European states, the G20 communiqué called for more funding for renewable energy projects, reform of critical mineral supply chains and more debt relief for developing economies.

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