In 2018 Mushikiwabo then President Paul Kagame's trusted Foreign Minister secured the OIF post partly thanks to strong backing from Emmanuel Macron as part of France's reconciliation effort with Rwanda (AC Vol 67 No 5 More pressure on Kigali)...

The sanctions are based on reporting from UN missions and western surveillance of the RDF's continuing support for the Mouvement du 23 Mars (M23)'s offensive in the Kivu provinces of Congo-Kinshasa running counter to commitments made by President Paul Kagame in Washington when he signed an accord with Congolese President Félix Tshisekedi last December (AC Vol 66 No 25 Trump's peace deal unravels as M23 seizes strategic eastern city)...

Youssouf's election embarrassed Kenya's President William Ruto an erstwhile ally of Odinga's who took over from Rwanda's Paul Kagame as the AU's reform leader in 2022...

The US government sanctioned defence and security advisor to President Paul Kagame James Kabarebe in December 2025...

This clearly violates the peace accord signed by Rwanda's President Paul Kagame and his foreign minister in Washington DC with their Congolese counterparts last year...

Rwanda's President Paul Kagame and his Congolese counterpart Félix Tshisekedi signed the peace agreement alongside US President Donald J Trump...

ITSCI's latest statements distance it from the Rwanda Minerals Board and President Paul Kagame's government in Kigali with which it had close relations...

Rwanda's President Paul Kagame has publicly accused Burundi of orchestrating a covert military campaign in eastern Congo-K and says he personally confronted Ndayishimiye over Bujumbura's expanding military footprint in Congo-K which he claims had spread as far as Kisangani and Walikale 800km northwest of the Burundian border...

There's little doubt that Kigali got bang for its buck and President Paul Kagame is said to be unhappy the deal has ended...