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Displaying 111 results from 2011 (out of 2567 total).

Explore Somaliland

Somaliland has launched an aggressive effort to attract oil companies. At the African Oil Week conference in Cape Town last month, the Minister of Mining, Energy and Water...


Critics still not welcome

The Addis Ababa newspaper Awramba Times has all but closed following the late November flight abroad of Managing Editor Dawit Kebede. It is the latest manifestation of Prime...


Longing for Lamu

Kenya’s coalition government wants to start a monumental infrastructure project but is having trouble coming up with the funds

The Nairobi government is rallying its Asian partners behind the new Lamu port and associated road and railway projects that will link the Kenyan coast to South Sudan...


Pipeline problems

On 28 November, Sudan’s Petroleum Minister Ali Ahmed Osman announced that South Sudan would no longer be able to export its crude through the northern pipeline and Port...


It rained on their invasion

The war in Somalia gives President Mwai Kibaki’s government a leading role for which it looks ill-prepared

Six weeks into the fighting, unintended consequences haunt Kenya’s invasion of Somalia: rising xenophobia, terrorist attacks in Nairobi and other local insecurity, and changes in East Africa’s security...


Tax deduction

As the political fallout over corruption spreads in Kampala, the legal battles are getting messier over US$434 million in tax which Kampala says oil companies owe it (AC...


USA joins fight against LRA

In yet another bid to destroy Kony’s militia, President Obama sends in the Special Forces to help local armies

The Lord’s Resistance Army, based in Central African Republic since it was pushed out of Garamba, Congo-Kinshasa, faces a new threat with the arrival of 100 United States...


Implausible denials

As the Sudan Revolutionary Front is launched, the regime tries to parry opposition in the North by bombing South Sudan

Khartoum’s bombing of a refugee camp in South Sudan on 10 November has drawn unprecedented condemnation and stirred fears of a return to full-scale war between North and...


Confused war aims cause alarm

Kenya’s military incursion into Somalia is less than a month old but is already the subject of contradictory statements by the government and its Western allies. Al Haraka al Shabaab al Mujahideen is under threat from the Kenya Armed Forces and their allies’ Special Forces and air power but the invasion also offers opportunities. Al Shabaab may be able to recoup some recent losses if Lower and Middle Juba end up controlled by Kenyan surrogate forces that alienate local people. The offensive shows, however, that the United States and its allies have faith in a military solution to the Somali problem. Kenyan forces are pushing towards Kismayo in a land assault that will combine with attacks by French and US forces from the sea to spell possible defeat for Al Shabaab in the key port. Yet with no political solution on offer, Al Shabaab could revive.

Kenya’s intervention in Somalia was first announced on 15 October by Minister of Internal Security George Kinuthia Saitoti and Minister of Defence Mohamed Yusuf Haji, and it...


Kenya’s Somali proxies

Kenya’s confusion over its war aims proceeds in part from deep divisions within the elites and the fact that key actors support different Somali forces who have nothing...


Political violence worsens

A hardline faction in the government and the bitter disappointment of the former rebels threaten the country’s hard-won peace

The 26 October arrest of opposition politician William Munyembabazi by the powerful security service, the Service national de renseignement (SNR), has deepened the mistrust in Bujumbura. The capital...


Kibaki gambles on regional war with Al Shabaab

After chasing kidnappers across the border, the Kenyan army is digging in for the longer term in Somalia

As the Kenyan army ventured deeper into Somalia, in its first cross-border campaign in 44 years, a regional grand strategy to deal with Al Haraka al Shabaab al...


Opposition on the march

Political and military oppositionists coordinate their campaigns as economic pressures mount on Khartoum

A new military-political alliance of northern oppositionists is determinedly confronting the Khartoum regime, just three months after South Sudan formally seceded. The two developments are closely tied: the...


Military momentum

The impetus for the opposition’s new determination comes from the military success of the Sudan People’s Liberation Army-North in Southern Kordofan and Blue Nile states. The SPLA-N says...


Oil in troubled waters

Accusations in Kampala of high-level corporate bribery are as much about politics as business

Documents purporting to show that Ireland’s Tullow Oil made corrupt payments of 16.5 million euros (US$22.59 mn.) to Uganda’s Foreign Minister, Sam Kahamba Kutesa, and other state officials...


BAE Systems’ fine dilemma

Confusion still surrounds British arms company BAE Systems’ failure to make its promised ex-gratia payment of £29.5 million (US$45.6 mn.) to Tanzania, as part of a global settlement...


Ministry of power struggles

Accusations of corruption in the electricity industry persist, as do the chronic shortages that undermine the economy and public services

A scandal in the Energy and Mineral Resources Ministry has brought attention to a troubled area of government, greed among members of parliament and Tanzania’s chronic electricity crisis....


Uhuru looks back in anger

President Kibaki’s heir-apparent mulls his defence at the Hague while his allies ponder whether to hand him over in the event of a trial

Throughout September, Kenyans were glued to television screens as the International Criminal Court Prosecutor, Luis Moreno Ocampo, presided over the confirmation of the charges of crimes against humanity...


Al Shabaab sets the agenda

Little appears to connect the UN-brokered road map for political reconciliation with the ambitions of Al Shabaab or Western strategists

The suicide bombing by Al Haraka al Shabaab al Mujahideen on 4 October killed over 70 people and injured hundreds more. This was the jihadists’ response to increasing...


Terrorist listing

One leaked United States cable must have pleased a Khartoum regime eager toescape the US State Sponsors of Terrorism list. A ‘confidential’ note from the Khartoum Embassy of...


To Berbera and beyond

A Chinese company is backing infrastructure projects to develop secessionist Somaliland and give Ethiopia greater access to the sea

Port and energy deals signed between a private Chinese company and the breakaway government of Somaliland should provide the region with the most important boost it has ever...


Questions facing the new regime

After seven weeks of negotiation, Salva appoints the first independent government amid concern about accountability and national cohesion

Although the first post-Independence Government announced on 26 August better distributed portfolios among the three Southern regions – with a visible power shift from the Dinka-dominated Nilotic bloc...


Death in Jonglei

The biggest challenge for the new Juba government – and for many Southerners – is violence in some areas. Jonglei State in Greater Upper Nile is especially troubled...


New South Sudan Ministers

The new team of 29 ministers and 27 deputies marks an attempt at greater regional and ethnic inclusivity, sometimes at the expense of experience.


Strain in ICC case

The International Criminal Court’s case against Kenyans accused of financing and organising post-election violence finally got underway with the ‘confirmation of charges hearings’ on 1 September – and...


Lobbying on

Just as Mozambique’s Resistência Nacional Moçambicana threatens to return to violence, the man who championed it at the height of its atrocities has surfaced in papers found in...


Get in line

Asian partners are queuing up in Juba to offer South Sudan, the world’s newest state, aid, peacekeepers and trade

China was the first to send a high-level delegation after South Sudan’s independence celebrations. Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi arrived in Juba on 9 August to meet President Salva Kiir Mayardit and outline the...


A friend in need

With most of Sudan’s known oil reserves now belonging to the South Sudan government in Juba, the Sudanese government needs China even more. For Beijing, though, Khartoum may now be...


Nhial Deng Nhial

Minister of Foreign Affairs, South Sudan

Lieutenant General Nhial Deng Nhial, who became South Sudan’s new Foreign Affairs Minister on 27 August, is preparing for a steady stream of global emissaries. One of the...


Al Shabaab – neither gone nor forgotten

The drought has weakened the Islamist militia only temporarily and the political threat to the region is as serious as ever

When Al Haraka al Shabaab al Mujahideen retreated from Mogadishu on 6 August, the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) was quick to claim victory. The United Nations claimed it...


The hits against Al Shabaab

Officers of the Haraka al Shabaab al Mujahideen killed January-July 2011. A tentative list; the full number may reach 50.


Changing times

The ruling National Congress Party warmly congratulated Libyans on ‘their victory against their long-term ruler’, recognising the Transitional National Council on 23 August. Yet, as South Sudan struggles,...


Politics and posturing

People starve, aid is inadequate, relief agencies are spurned and the region’s insecurities fester

The Horn of Africa’s worst drought in six decades has prompted the United Nations to take the rare step of declaring a famine in two regions of Somalia...


Succession not reform

Bold plans to address political conflict and vote-rigging have been sidelined as the battle to succeed President Kibaki heats up

The groundbreaking programme for political reform set out in the new constitution is at risk as members of parliament and party activists position themselves for the presidential succession...


Nairobi needs its fix

Politicians and police show no signs of investigating two people named as ‘drugs kingpins’ by the US government

Although the United States named John Harun Mwau and Naima Mohamed Nyakiniywa ‘drugs kingpins’ and froze their assets in the USA on 1 June, Mwau is conducting a...


From autonomy to sovereignty

South Sudanese have made history; now they have to make a future

Tens of thousands of jubilant and weeping people cheered South Sudan’s new flag at the John Garang Mausoleum in Juba on Independence Day, 9 July. Then, instead of...


How the South moves north

As Ethiopian peacekeepers deploy in the contested Abyei Area, Khartoum’s strategy to keep it in the North grows starker. Northern opposition to the ruling National Congress Party is...


The radar scandal is back

After Westminster MPs lambast BAE over the radar saga, questions about the accountability of Tanzanian officials remain

Hearings in the British parliament over the £29.5 million (US$47 mn.) BAE Systems must pay Tanzania over the radar affair have revived questions about whether any Tanzanians, especially...


The clock strikes zero

After the celebrations, the Juba government will battle to meet its people’s dreams and handle relations with Khartoum

History is made in Sudan this week. Dignitaries from across Africa, Asia, Europe and the Americas flew into Juba, the makeshift capital of the new Republic of South...


Abyei in limbo

Ethiopia’s peacekeepers will face heavy scrutiny as Khartoum and Juba differ over Abyei and the still undemarcated border

The Abyei Agreement signed by the Khartoum regime and the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement (SPLM) in Addis Ababa on 20 June offers no respite for the more than...


Checkpoint Nairobi

The Kenyan at the centre of the Triton Oil scandal, Yagnesh Devani, argues his case against extradition to Kenya on charges of fraud worth $38 mn. in London on 11...


Blood and oil

Khartoum has intensified its war in central Sudan to crush its Nuba opponents and keep control of oil exports before partition

After launching another war against his opponents and threatening to cut off South Sudan’s oil, President Omer Hassan Ahmed el Beshir will meet top officials in China next...


The trouble with Tobiko

Under the new constitution, the DPP should be independent of the executive but the nomination of Keriako Tobiko prompts questions from MPs

President Mwai Kibaki swore in Keriako Tobiko as Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP) on 20 June following an acrimonious vetting last week. Members of Parliament on the Constitution...


The battle to succeed Kikwete

Internal divisions are deepening within the governing party over corruption and political ambition

Ructions in the Chama cha Mapinduzi over corruption and the succession to President Jakaya Kikwete are intensifying, while the party dithers over the expulsion of some senior members...


Edging towards the brink

Fears are rising at home and abroad that Khartoum’s attacks could take the South back to war as Independence dawns

As the Sudanese regime bombs the Nuba heartland and moves Missiriya people into a near empty Abyei, tension is rising across Sudan, especially along the still undemarcated North-South...


‘Fear and... fiction from Clooney’

Sudanese ministers are not used to being chased by protestors. Yet this is how Khartoum’s Minister of Foreign Affairs Ali Ahmed Kurti left London’s sedate St. James’s Square...


Big cabinet, bigger problems

President Museveni’s post-election reshuffle is more a political balancing act than a coherent response to unrest over high prices and shortages

President Yoweri Kaguta Museveni swore in a new cabinet on 6 June that seemed to be mainly about rewarding loyalists of the National Resistance Movement (NRM) rather than...


The view and the cash from Arabia

The cash that Arab states are offering Somali politicians is doing little for regional stability

Mogadishu's troubled Transitional Federal Government (TFG) has taken another knock with a report by the head of the Public Finance Management Unit, Abdirazak Fartaag, revealing that at least...


Ocampo tries to protect the evidence

The Hague is set to hear the case against the Ocampo Six as attention shifts to disclosure of evidence to the defence

The trials of high-level Kenyans accused of crimes against humanity during the post-election violence of 2007-08 are set to go ahead, despite their government’s efforts to protect them...


Generating power and cash

The Richmond-Dowans scandal shows no sign of fading away but a US company is starting to provide electricity

Much of Tanzania struggles with power cuts lasting 16 hours a day while the government tries to deal with the mess created by the scandal over the overpriced...


Khartoum’s debt threat

The Khartoum regime will face growing financial pressure after the formal split with the South on 9 July. That is partly why its Finance Minister, Ali Mahmoud Abdel...


Juba promises continuity for Asian investors

The Asian companies which exploit Sudan’s oil are holding on tight as tensions mount over Abyei and a new constitutional order is created in the South

As Khartoum and Juba discussed new oil arrangements in Addis Ababa, the Sudan Armed Forces (SAF) seized control of the contested district of Abyei on 19-21 May. Nevertheless,...


Fighting for Abyei

Bombing and looting on the North-South border this week may undermine Sudan’s formal partition in July

The Khartoum regime’s all-out military attack on and occupation of the strategic region of Abyei is part of its hardening policy in the lead-up to Southern Sudan’s independence...


Long memories in Abyei

1820: Official start of Southern liberation struggle, as just proclaimed by Government of South Sudan (GOSS); shows how important history is in Sudan


Prosperity and paranoia

Sinister rumours and grenade attacks coexist with the government’s proud economic record

Weapons at the ready, soldiers and police line the main roads out of Kigali in the afternoons. Few of President Paul Kagame’s critics speak out within Rwanda (AC...


All the way down

Burundi has a few things in common with Rwanda. One is United States’ gratitude for its soldiers’ work in peacekeeping: Rwandans serve in Darfur, Sudan, and Burundians in...


Blue Nile blues

Egypt’s revolution seems to have boosted prospects for a settlement with Ethiopia over the Nile waters dispute. Cairo’s interim Prime Minister, Essam Abdel Aziz Sharaf, made a cordial...


Bellingham brings warrants

Britain’s Africa Minister Henry Bellingham was in Nairobi ‘promoting British interests’, officials said. However, few expected that to include delivering extradition warrants for two prominent Kenyans for fraud...


Shouting insults

As Eritrea looks forward to serious earnings from gold, the old quarrel with Ethiopia is heating up again

After more than a decade complaining that they are the wronged party, top Ethiopian officials busily explain their new campaign to overthrow the neighbouring regime of President Issayas...


Indicted war criminal fights election

Khartoum’s ruling party tries to hold on to its base in Kordofan, a springboard for operations in Abyei and the South

It was clear that Ahmed Mohamed Haroun had lost his bid to be elected Governor of Southern Kordofan when the National Congress Party sent Presidential Assistant Nafi’e Ali...


The Lowassa fight back

Barons of the governing Chama Cha Mapinduzi accused of corruption are proving more resilient than expected (AC Vol 52 No 9). In March, the CCM announced it was...


Bluff and bluster

Pirates in the Horn are stepping up operations and threatening more ships but the international response looks weak and divided

At huge expense, the United Arab Emirates brought scores of countries to Dubai on 18-19 April to craft new policies and raise finance to fight the growing threat from pirates...


Sinking the pirates

Signs that piracy is getting worse are numerous and stark. They include higher ransoms, longer detentions of vessels and crews, and the use of more and often larger mother ships,...


New brooms, old handles

The President’s purge on grand corruption has not yet touched many of the suspect associates

President Jakaya Kikwete has reshuffled the top levels of the governing Chama Cha Mapinduzi, in power now for 50 years, to forestall faction-fighting and prevent the party splitting apart. He...


Opposition works the walk

Following Museveni’s easy re-election, the security forces are making mass arrests and Kampala’s streets resound with gunfire and tear gas

A series of ‘Walk to Work’ protests against escalating food and fuel prices has caught the public’s imagination and the government is cracking down. Opposition leaders are under restrictions: Kizza Besigye,...


Taxation without legal representation

The disputes over the Lake Albert oil licences and taxes which oil companies owe the government show no sign of ending. Heritage Oil should have paid tax to the government...


Politics of prices

Civic activists and trades unionists are mobilising in Nairobi and Mombasa against skyrocketing food and fuel prices. The Central Organisation for Trades Unions demands a 60% increase in the minimum wage...


Six in the dock

Suspects played the ethnic card during mass rallies at home before flying to the Netherlands to appear in court

Six leading Kenyans faced, on 7-8 April, a kind of justice they are not used to at home. At the International Criminal Court (ICC) in the Hague, Judge...


Through the Wikihole

The publication by WikiLeaks of the US Nairobi Embassy’s cables affords a unique and stark view of the country’s ruling figures

As the International Criminal Court (ICC) starts to hear accusations against six senior Kenyans accused of links to the violence after the 2007 elections, a set of United...


Hosting Hamas

Khartoum’s hopes of removal from the United States’ state sponsors of terrorism list took a knock on 5 April when Israel bombed a vehicle near Port Sudan, killing...


The scramble for the South

A spate of secret and exploitative land deals may cause instability and more economic hardship in the new state

Almost 10% of the land in South Sudan, due to win its formal independence on 9 July, has been sold or leased to foreign and local companies, according...


Mr. Smile and the militias

After years of regime denials, Presidential Advisor Mustafa Osman Ismail effectively admitted this week that the National Congress Party (NCP) arms militias in Southern Sudan. ‘We cannot tolerate...


Some land lease agreements

Management/Leac for Agriculture and Investment: The most controversial deal in South Sudan is a the 400,000-hectare joint venture in Mayom County, Unity State, of United States’ firm...


One man, one vote

Once again President Guelleh will win an election with no credible opposition and his Western allies will continue to operate discreetly in his country

Moves by the ruling Rassemblement populaire pour le progrès to squash opposition protests, coupled with the expulsion of an electoral observation group, Democracy International (DI), have made Djibouti’s...


The anti-Asmara campaign

Meles is increasing the rhetoric against his neighbour and wants the United Nations to join in action against Asmara

Ethiopia’s blood feud with Eritrea is increasing in bitterness as Addis Ababa seeks to win more regional recruits to its cause. On 12 March, Ethiopia’s Prime Minister Meles...


A new nation

Once an opponent of South Sudanese secession, then diplomatically agnostic, China is now making up for lost time in shoring up relations with the soon-to-be-independent Government of Southern...


    Vol 4 (AAC) No 5 |
  • SUDAN

Salva Kiir Mayardit

President, Southern Sudan

Investors in Sudan’s oil wealth – China, Malaysia and India among them – closely watch Southern Sudan’s preparations for independence. The government has crucial decisions to take about...


On to the trial

Despite a dissident judge and government lobbying, the ICC is set to try six politicians accused of mass murder and has issued summonses

Kenya’s government is still trying to dodge the International Criminal Court, whose Pre-Trial Chamber (PTC) ruled on 8 March that six high-level Kenyan suspects must appear at the...


Gas finds offer hope of ending power-cuts

Powerful interests stood in the way of a sound energy policy emerging but everyone wants to turn on the gas

Despite obstacles from corrupt politicians, the exploitation of gas is likely to gather pace this year with new offshore discoveries. The opening on 12 April of the fourth...


Tanzania's gas players

Songas consortium consists of PanAfrican Energy Limited, a subsidiary of Orca Exploration, CDC Globeleq and the state-owned Tanzania Petroleum Development Corporation (TPDC). Songas has operational rights over the...


Hello North Africa

Opposition politicians are to boycott the presidential election due on 8 April, after Interior Minister Yacin Elmi Bouh banned all demonstrations, fearing a spate of North African-style democracy protests. Ismael Guedi Hared, leader of...


Questions on terror

Just as the United States was preparing to remove the Sudan regime from its State Sponsors of Terrorism (SST) list, Khartoum has a hosted a conference of international Islamists, including some...


Power at a price

Museveni’s victory was the result of astute tactics, state funding and a divided and despondent opposition

Uganda faces a harsh economic hangover because so many state resources were used to win a decisive victory for President Yoweri Museveni, 67, in 18 February’s elections. Museveni and the...


Democracy heads south

Political tactics or public relations? The announcement of President Omer’s exit points to jitters in the ruling National Congress Party

The prospect of President Omer Hassan Ahmed el Beshir stepping down reflects the ruling National Congress Party’s dilemma over how to tackle growing domestic and regional calls for political change and...


Gold rush

Issayas used to be suspicious of foreigners, but that was before a mineral wealth bonanza looked possible

The Eritrean President and leader of the ruling People’s Front for Democracy and Justice, Issayas Afewerki, has long sought to retain a closed economy and prevent non-Eritrean involvement in his...


Eritrea is not for sale

‘Eritrea is not for sale.’ This used to be President Issayas Afewerki’s customary response to interest in his country’s considerable mineral resources. Now, as he faces greater isolation while needing...


First pick your judge

President Kibaki is undermining efforts to reform the judiciary as he protects his allies from prosecution

The latest dispute between President Mwai Kibaki and Prime Minister Raila Odinga began in late January, when Odinga accused Kibaki of failing to consult him about nominations to...


Cairo tactics

The biggest excitement in the 18 February presidential and parliamentary elections is the electoral arithmetic (AC Vol 51 No 1). Presidential challenger Kizza Besigye will never have a...


Militia massacres

The death of perhaps 200 people this month, mainly civilian returnees, in attacks in Jonglei State, Southern Sudan, show the havoc that one militia can wreak. This militia...


Through the looking glass

There are growing concerns about the two million Southerners living in the north after last month's vote for separation

Salva Kiir Mayardit, President of Africa's newest state in July, was in demand at the 24-31 January African Union summit in Addis Ababa. In the AU conference centre, he was...


Militia attacks on the border

Brutal attacks last month by armed militias on convoys of Southern Sudanese returning from the North show the security crisis in the borderlands and the danger of war over Abyei...


A five-year exit plan

As democracy activists pressure entrenched regimes across Africa, Premier Meles's government sets out its plans for controlled change

From a position of strength - there is just one opposition member of parliament - the ruling Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front has been setting out its plans to rebuild...


The political fallout

Opposition forces, some armed and some civilian, intensify their campaigns against the regime in Kigali

Yet another former government figure has set up a political movement in opposition to Rwandan President Paul Kagame. Faustin Twagiramungu, who was Prime Minister in the first post-genocide government in 1994,...


Bad omens

The clean sweep by President Pierre Nkurunziza and his Conseil national pour la défense de la démocratie-Forces pour la défense de la démocratie (CNDD-FDD) at the 2010 elections has failed to dispel fears that violence will increase further. The opposition claims there was massive fraud behind the ruling party’s triumph and since May, dozens of murders and over 100 grenade attacks have taken place (AC Vol 51 No 13).


Seyoum Mesfin

Ambassador to China

With his January appointment as Ambassador to China, Seyoum Mesfin steps back from the day-to-day battles in Addis politics. He will, however, maintain a central role in his...


Birth of a nation

After the jubilation of the referendum vote, six months of tough negotiation and rough politics will lead up to the birth of independent Southern Sudan

Joy reigned from Australia to North America and all over Sudan, especially in the 2,600 polling stations where over 3.9 million people voted in the South, as the...


The Tunis effect

‘Tunus, Tunus fis Sudan!’ (‘Tunis, Tunis in Sudan!’) shouted demonstrators outside Sudan’s London Embassy on 16 January. They were few but the protest is still a landmark. Several...


The Abyei crucible

As Southern Sudan celebrates, neighbouring Abyei is a war zone. Clashes began on 7 January between a Northern Missiriya militia and well trained Southern commandos wearing police uniforms....


Telling the story

As the 13 May deadline for the Nile Basin Initiative Cooperative Framework looms, Egyptian efforts to stop the deal have become more apparent. The stances taken by Burundi...


Freedom – North and South

As Southerners vote to secede from the North, some Northern politicians see a chance to undermine the NCP regime in Khartoum

As Southern Sudanese prepare to celebrate independence after the 9-15 January referendum, Northern oppositionists talk of overthrowing the ruling National Congress Party. They have not spoken out so...


He’s back on top again

President Museveni seems set for another win but with a stronger, more fractious parliament and the usual oil problems

The opposition parties have neither the will nor the capacity seriously to challenge President Yoweri Museveni’s government in the elections due in mid-February. Yet the opposition is likely...


The TFG’s August deadline

Outsiders prop up a regime which moves slowly, if at all, towards a constitution and legitimate rule

Next August, Somalia’s Transitional Federal Government is due to wind up, to be replaced by a new government under a new constitution. Last July, the TFG received a...


Careful what you wear

After a film of a woman screaming in pain as Khartoum policemen whipped her for wearing trousers had gone around the world on the internet, the Government of...


ICC has Kenyan politicians on the run

The Kenyan Parliament has been tying itself in constitutional knots after passing a motion – which risks being in conflict with the new constitution – to repeal the...


Displaying 111 results from 2011 (out of 2567 total).