Anger with the Government of National Unity (GNU) of Prime Minister Abdel Hamid Dubaiba was already on the rise when one of the militia-infested capital's most powerful chiefs Abdel Ghani el Kikli (aka Ghneiwa) was shot dead during a meeting with the commander of the GNU's main military force 444 Brigade on 12 May...

But alliances started to change towards the end of last year when El Kabir who had consistently bankrolled the Tripoli-based Government of National Unity (GNU) fell out with its Prime Minister Abdul Hamid Dubaiba...

Still a UAE client Haftar had to come to terms behind the scenes with Prime Minister Abdel Hamid Dubaiba's government in Tripoli (AC Vol 63 No 16 Dubaiba woos UAE and Haftar with about-turn on oil)...

Another key militia is the State Support Authority (SSA) led by Abdel Ghani el Kikli which reports to Prime Minister Abdel Hamid Dubaiba...

Yet capitalising on the Wagner leader Yevgeny Prigozhin's crossing of the Rubicon in his short-lived march on Moscow on 24 June Libyan rumour-merchants claimed that Kharouba had been attacked with Turkish-made drones belonging to the Government of National Unity (GNU) in Tripoli headed by Prime Minister Abdel Hamid Dubaiba...

During her first trip outside the European Union since becoming prime minister Meloni and her Tripoli-based counterpart Prime Minister Abdel Hamid Dubaiba agreed to revive the 2008 Friendship Treaty under which among other projects Italy will pay for the construction of a coastal highway from the Tunisian to the Egyptian border...